Polity

An important feature of the constitution is the Directive Principles of State Policy. Although the Directive Principles are asserted to be “fundamental in the governance of the country,” they are not legally enforceable. Instead, they are guidelines for creating a social order characterized by social, economic, and political justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as enunciated … Read more

  1)     the provisions is codified into a single legal document. Provisions means the schedule, parts, articles are clearly defined in a single article. 2)     It is a enacted constitution. It has been brought into existence by a body especially designed for this. Like Constituent assembly in the case of India. 3)     Constitution … Read more

According to a study there are atleast one million cases are pending in 6 High courts. The average life span of such cases is 3-10 years. The possible reasons for the delay and pendency of cases are: Overloading of cases. Economic and commercial cases are usually complex, require economic expertise in their handling and disposal, … Read more

India law regulates employment of children. Children below 14 cannot work in any occupations except as a child artist and in a family business.   2) Adolescents between 14 and 18 are prohibited from working in any hazardous or dangerous occupation and processes.   3) Adolescent can only work in certain government declared non-hazardous occupations, … Read more

Political parties cannot come under the RTI as they are not public authorities.  According to RTI act the public authorities are those which are formed by constitution, parliament statue or bodies created by notification or order of the appropriate government, such as planning commission, UIDAI etc. Since political parties do not full fill any of … Read more

Tools:   President speech is put to vote. Financial control: Budget discussion Audit report submission by CAG Reports of the estimates committee and Public accounts committee Other form of control: Question hour Calling attention motion Short discussions Zero hour No confidence motion Confidence motion Committee on assurances Committee on subordinate legislation      

Both Lokpal and Lokayukta are characterised by the following features:   (1) They, in fact, are the institutions of Indian administrative system. Their fundamental duty is to make the public administration of India free from corruption.   (2) These two institutions are impartial. When they are called for performing any duty they will discharge it … Read more

Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution make the following provisions to regulate the organization of subordinate courts and to ensure their independence from the executive . Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution make the following provisions to regulate the organization of subordinate courts and to ensure their … Read more

rigging of election and booth capturing use of caste and religion in election Misuse of official machinery Criminalization of politics Maintenance and auditing of accounts by political parties is not fully transparent RTI not applicable to political parties Effect of pressure groups Misuse of mass and social media (fake news) Communalism Low voter turnout

While 2.84 crore cases are pending in the subordinate courts, the backlog clogging the High Courts and Supreme Court (SC) is 43 lakh and 57,987 cases, respectively. It means near about 3.5 cr cases are pending. This pendency of cases has huge cost on the economy as well as social sector. All these are taking … Read more