Economy

. It refers to the effect of tax avoidance strategies used by  multinational corporations on countries’ tax basis. The term was used for the first time by OECD. In an  increasingly interconnected world, national tax laws have not kept pace with global corporations, fluid  capital, and the digital economy, leaving gaps that can be exploited … Read more

(A) Performance budget Unlike the traditional line item budget, a performance budget reflects the  goal/objectives of the organization and spells out performance targets. These targets are sought to be achieved through a strategy(s). A Performance Budget gives an indication of how the funds spent are expected to give outputs and ultimately the outcomes. However, performance … Read more

:  To provide an assured income support to the small and marginal farmers, Government is launching a historic programme namely “Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)”. Under this programme, vulnerable landholding farmer families, having cultivable land upto 2 hectares, will be provided direct income support at the rate of Rs 6,000 per year. This income … Read more

The Central Gov­ernment has set up a Board for Industrial and Fi­nancial Reconstruction (BIFR) with effect from 12 January 1987 in pursuance of enactment of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provision) Act, 1985. This is a major step for intervening at an early stage and detecting, preventing, as well as taking ameliorative, remedial and such … Read more

The  major reasons are: Rise in Prices and galloping inflation. It surged from 6.7% to near about 16% Increase in the Fiscal deficit. Increase in non -development expenditure. Adverse Balance of payment and pressure on Balance of Payment. Iran-Kuwait war led to increase in Petrol price and hence pressure on Indian Imports. Adopted approach of … Read more

  MONETARY POLICY TOOL:   There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used for implementing monetary policy. Repo Rate: The (fixed) interest rate at which the Reserve Bank provides overnight liquidity to banks against the collateral of government and other approved securities under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF). Reverse Repo Rate: The (fixed) … Read more

The fourth industrial revolution is a technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the way we live, work and relate to one another. The 4threvolution will be characterized by the advent of cyber-physical systems which, while being reliant on the technologies and infrastructure of the third industrial revolution, represent entirely new ways in which technology becomes … Read more

the farmer who has been deprived for so many years, will now be empowered to determine the price of his agricultural produce. He will also have the choice whether to sell in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) or in a free market. He is now empowered with the right to determine to sell at … Read more

  Advisories are being issued, to state govt. to take strict action against hoarding and black marketing and effectively enforcing the essential commodities act,1980 for commodities in short supply. Regular review meeting on price and availability situation, inter ministerial committee, price stabilisation fund management committee. Higher MSP so as to incentivise production and thereby enhance … Read more

Various investment models which have emerged in recent times especially  in post-reforms and also from experiences of emerging marker economies (EMEs). These  models are not alternates to each other but are only variants of investment models. The policy support will require well-drafted ‘futuristic policies’ in different areas  especially in the areas of ‘pricing and tax … Read more