Important Environmental Treaties - Telangana PCS Exam Notes

Treaty	Signed/Into force	Major Points
Aarhus Convention on Access to information for public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters	1998	Aarhus is a Danish city Adopted at the fourth ministerial conference in the ‘Environment for Europe’ process Links environmental rights and human rights India – No
Vienna Convention for the protection of Ozone layer	1985/1988	Does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs At Vienna Conference
Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone layer	1987/1989	It is a protocol to the Vienna Convention “perhaps the single most successful international agreement” – Kofi Annan 196 states ratified Includes CFCs, HCFCs
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal	1989/1992	Particularly to prevent waste transfer from Developed to LDCs 175 parties Signed but not ratified: Afghanistan, Haiti, US
Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in international trade	1998/2004	Rotterdam is a city in Netherlands Endosulfan is proposed to be added to the list
Stockholm Convention on persistence organic pollutants	2001/2004	173 parties
Bamako Convention	1991/1998	On the ban on the import into Africa and the Control of movement of Hazardous waste within Africa Negotiated by 12 Subscribe on YouTube nations of Organisation of African Unity at Bamako, Mali
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The CBD Framework
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety		Seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern technology. The Protocol applies to the transboundary movement, transit, handling and use of all living modified organisms that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health
Nagoya Protocol

For Conservation
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Aka Washington Convention	1973/1975	Under IUCN. Trade in specimen should not threaten the survival of plants and animals. Only one species under it ‘Spix Macaw’ has become extinct in the wild.
Convention on Migratory Species aka Bonn Convention	1979/1983	To conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species
Antarctic Treaty System	1959/1961	12 original members. HQ: Buenos Aires. India joined in 1983. Sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity there. First arms control treaty during the cold war.
International Whaling Commission	1946	Signed in Washington. Moratorium on whaling adopted in 1986. Following countries havnt adopted the moratorium: Norway, Iceland, Japan.
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	1994 (on the basis of Agenda 21)/1996	First and only internationally legally binding framework set up to address the problem of desertification. 194 2006: Int. Year of Deserts and Desertification. Non-parties: Iraq, Montenegro, Vatican Secretariat: Rome Meetings: 1^st – Rome 1997, 9^th – Buenos Aires, 2009

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