Polity

Indian constitution is rightly said is a perfect blend of rigidity and flexibility as it cannot be amended by simple majority as in the case of Britain but similarly it is not that difficult as in the case of US Constitution.  There are three ways through which constitution can be amended: By simple majority: Some … Read more

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group which is organized on a local, national or international level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information. … Read more

  Another criticism of Regional Parties is their exclusionary ideology. Some parties like Shiv Sena function on double exclusion, by invoking Maratha and Hindu pride. These thus create artificial differences in society, by highlighting differences and ignoring the commonalities. Most national parties, on the other hand, have all inclusive ‘sarvajanik’ principles, inclusive of all people … Read more

The procedure regulating the use of force is outlined in the police manuals of different states. Some of the important points are as follows: The police must invariably secure the presence of a magistrate where it anticipates a breach of peace The decision to use force and the type of force to be used is … Read more

A mere declaration of fundamental rights in the Constitution is meaningless, useless and worthless without providing an effective machinery for their enforcement, if and when they are violated. Hence, Article 32 confers the right to remedies for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen. In other words, the right to get the … Read more

According to a study there are atleast one million cases are pending in 6 High courts. The average life span of such cases is 3-10 years. The possible reasons for the delay and pendency of cases are: Overloading of cases. Economic and commercial cases are usually complex, require economic expertise in their handling and disposal, … Read more

 Accountability is the core principle of any democracy. In our democracy it is only the executive and the legislature which is held accountable and not the judiciary. Judges are also public officials and hence should be made accountable.  It is essential to ensure accountability of the judges to ensure public confidence in the … Read more

  1)     the provisions is codified into a single legal document. Provisions means the schedule, parts, articles are clearly defined in a single article. 2)     It is a enacted constitution. It has been brought into existence by a body especially designed for this. Like Constituent assembly in the case of India. 3)     Constitution … Read more

The Committee was constituted under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in October,2015.  The report proposes an Education Policy, which seeks to address challenges faced by the current education system.  Key features of the proposed Policy are summarised below. Early childhood care and education was inconsistent across states. The committee recommended that ECCE for … Read more

. In 1976, the Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need and necessity of which was felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977). The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution. It stressed that the citizens … Read more