Polity Booster

 LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL CONTROL OVER ADMINISTRATION The need for effective control over administration is, thus, obvious. Public opinion, professional standards and ethics, and the nature of the society-all influence administration in varying ways and capacities and exercise control over it. A study of this problem may, however, be made here … Read more

 The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (No. 22 of 1955) The practice of untouchability in Indian society is an attribute of the hierarchical stratification of society into castes. On the one hand, the Vedic use the term “varna” (colour) to denote caste seems to indicate that the caste system began as a … Read more

MM Punchi Commission   Obj:  The mandate of the commission was to examine what could be the role, responsibility and jurisdiction of the Centre during major and prolonged outbreaks of communal violence, caste violence or any other social conflicts and to review other aspects of Centre-states relations, including taxes and linking of rivers.   S.No. Content Recommendation 1. Concurrent list During … Read more

 Changes in Administrative structure during British period In the beginning, the Company left the administration of its possessions in India in Indian hands, confining its activities to supervision. But soon found `that British aims were not adequately served by following old methods of administration. Consequently, the Company took all aspects of administration in … Read more

 River water dispute settlements board The Inter-State River Water Disputes are one of the most contiguous issues in the Indian federalism today. In the extreme cases, it may hamper the relationship between the different states. The recent cases of the Cauvery Water Dispute and the Satluj Yamuna Link Canal case are examples. Water … Read more

 Central and State Government Privileges Section 123 of the Indian Evidence Act Evidence as to affairs of State:  No one shall be permitted to give any evidence derived from unpublished official records relating to any affairs of State, except with the permission of the officer at the head of the department concerned, who … Read more

 Democracy: Direct and Indirect Democracy in modern usage, is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a parliament. Democracy is sometimes referred to as “rule of the majority”. Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in … Read more

     Welfare of Disabled, Aged and Others: Enactments, Policies, Institutions and Schemes   Vulnerable groups are those groups of society which would be susceptible under any unfavourable situations such as where the adults are not capable to provide a satisfactory living for the household due to health issues like disability, illness, age … Read more

 Role of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) NGOs are voluntary organization’s. These are popularly known as NGOs because they are free from governmental control in their functioning. They are democratic and open to all those wishing to become member of the organization voluntarily and serve the society. NGO have a long history in India. In … Read more

 Difference between substantial and procedural laws Procedural laws Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through (whether it goes to trial or not). The procedural law determines how a proceeding concerning the enforcement of substantive law will occur. Substantive law defines how the facts in the case will be handled, … Read more