TELANGANA

• Private schools launch campaign to woo parents

• Close on the heels of campaign launched by the government schools discouraging the parents from joining their wards into the private schools, where they would have to pay heavy fees, and instead avail all free facilities in the government sector schools, the private schools have launched a counter campaign through social media asking the parents to join their children in private schools for quality education.

• Students of private schools were topping in the all examinations, securing high GPA in SSC, securing admissions in IIT-JEE, IIIT and other reputed institutions without the government support. Further, private schools had the highest pass percentage. The budget private schools were striving hard to provide quality education to the students and providing employment to several unemployed in the state.

INTERNATIONAL

• 11th World Hindi Conference to be Held in Mauritius

• The 11th World Hindi Conference (WHC) is being organized from 18-20 August 2018 in Mauritius by the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India in association with the Government of Mauritius.

• The main theme of the Conference is “Hindi Vishwa Aur Bharatiy Sanskriti”.

• The first World Hindi Conference was held in 1975 in Nagpur, India. Since then, ten such Conferences have been held in different parts of the world.

NATIONAL

• India’s first lithium ion cell factory to come up in Andhra Pradesh

• Munoth Industries Limited will set up India’s first lithium ion cell production project by investing Rs 799 crore in three phases in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

• It will provide a trigger for enabling mobile component manufacturing in India that will also lead to value addition in overall mobile phone manufacturing.

• In the first phase, Rs 165 crore will be invested to produce li ion cells having total storage capacity of 200,000 Ah (Ampere hour) per day.

Gk bit-     Batteries

There are two main categories of batteries:

• PRIMARY BATTERIES, sometimes also called single-use, or “throw-away” batteries because they have to be discarded after they run empty as they cannot be recharged for reuse.Primary batteries can produce current immediately on assembly. Disposable batteries are intended to be used once and discarded.

Primary Batteries include-

1. a)      Carbon Zinc (aka. ‘Heavy Duty’) — The lowest cost primary cell (household) is the zinc-acidic manganese dioxide battery. They provide only very low power, but have a good shelf life and are well suited for clocks and remote controls.

1. b)      Alkaline — The most commonly used primary cell (household) is the zinc- alkaline manganese dioxide battery. They provide more power-per-use than Carbon-zinc and secondary batteries and have an excellent shelf life.

1. c)      Lithium Cells — Lithium batteries offer performance advantages well beyond the capabilities of conventional aqueous electrolyte battery systems. Their shelf-life can be well above 10-years and they will work at very low temperatures. Lithium batteries are mainly used in small formats (coins cells up to about AA size) because bigger sizes of lithium batteries are a safety concern in consumer applications.

1. d) Silver Oxide Cells – These batteries have a very high energy density, but are very expensive due to the high cost of silver. Therefore, silver oxide cells are mainly used in button cell format for watches and calculators.

1. e)      Zinc Air Cells – These batteries have become the standard for hearing aid batteries. They have a very long run time, because they store only the anode material inside the cell and use the oxygen from the ambient air as cathode.

• SECONDARY BATTERIES, mostly called rechargeable batteries because they can be recharged for reuse. They are usually assembled with active materials in the discharged state. Rechargeable batteries orsecondary cells can be recharged by applying electric current, which reverses the chemical reactions that occur during its use. Devices to supply the appropriate current are called chargers or rechargers.

Secondary batteries include-

1. Rechargeable Alkaline – Secondary alkaline batteries, the lowest cost rechargeable cells, have a long shelf life and are useful for moderate-power applications. Their cycle life is less than most other secondary batteries, but they are a great consumer’s choice as they combine the benefits of the popular alkaline cells with the added benefit of re-use after recharging. They have no toxic ingredients and can be disposed in regular landfills (local regulations permitting).

1. b)      Nickel-Cadmium – Secondary Ni-Cd batteries are rugged and reliable. They exhibit a highpower capability, a wide operating temperature range, and a long cycle life, but have a low run time per charge. They have a self-discharge rate
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