The reign of the Nizams in Telangana, spanning from the early 18th century to the mid-20th century, witnessed significant administrative reforms, particularly during the tenure of Salar Jung I as Prime Minister. These reforms aimed to modernize governance, improve revenue collection, and enhance infrastructure.
Modernization of Governance
Salar Jung I, recognizing the need for a more efficient and organized administration, introduced several key reforms:
District System (Zilabandi): He divided the Nizam's dominions into 5 Subhas and 17 districts, further subdivided into Talukas. This system facilitated better control and management of the vast territory.
Decentralization: Salar Jung decentralized the administration into 14 departments, including police, revenue, and judiciary, to streamline operations and improve accountability.
Revenue Board (Majlis-e-Malguzari): Established in 1864, this board aimed to protect the interests of the Taluqdars (local landlords) while ensuring efficient revenue collection.
Hyderabad Civil Service: Salar Jung laid the foundation for a professional civil service, recruiting and training officials for various administrative roles. This was further institutionalized with the Qanuncha Mubarik of 1892 and subsequent regulations.
These reforms led to a more structured and efficient administration, reducing corruption and improving public service delivery.
Introduction of Railways and Postal Services
The Nizams also focused on modernizing infrastructure, recognizing its importance for economic growth and connectivity:
Railways: The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established in the late 19th century, connecting Hyderabad with major cities in British India. This facilitated trade, transportation, and communication.
Postal Services: A modern postal system was introduced, with post offices established across the state. This improved communication and facilitated the flow of information.
These infrastructure developments contributed to the economic and social progress of Telangana.
Development of Revenue Systems
The Nizams implemented various measures to improve revenue collection and administration:
Land Revenue Reforms: Salar Jung's Zilabandi system streamlined land revenue assessment and collection. The Revenue Board played a key role in regulating and standardizing revenue policies.
Currency Stabilization: Salar Jung introduced the Hali Sikka rupee as the standard currency, replacing the chaotic system of multiple coins and reducing counterfeiting.
Abolition of Tax Farming: The practice of tax farming, where private individuals were contracted to collect taxes, was abolished, leading to more efficient and equitable revenue collection.
These revenue reforms increased the state's income, allowing for greater investment in infrastructure and public services.