Properties of matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. At a minimum, matter requires at least one subatomic particle, although most matter consists of atoms.

The two properties of matter are: • Mass – amount or quantity of matter • Volume – amount of space occupiedphysical properties – inherent characteristics of a substance

 Electrical conductivity :-he degree to which a specified material conducts electricity, calculated as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field which causes the flow of current

 Heat conductivity :-the rate at which heat passes through a specified material, expressed as the amount of heat that flows per unit time through a unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance.

 Density :-is defined as mass per unit volume,it is the the degree of compactness of a substance.

 Melting point:-The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.

 Boiling point:-the temperature at which the vapor pressure of aliquid is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid, equal to 212°F (100°C) for water at sea level.

 Index of refraction :-is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.

 Malleability :-is a physical property of metals that defines the ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.

 Ductility:- is the ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material’s ability to be stretched into a wire.

 Pressure:-is the force per unit area.

 Buoyancy:-is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid.

 Surface Tension:- is the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.

 Stress, Strain and Elasticity :-Stress is force per unit area.Strain is the deformation of a solid due to stress.Elasticity is the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed.chemical properties – the ability of a substance to form new substance either by reaction or by decomposition

 Heat of combustion

 Chemical stability and reactivity

 Flammability

 Oxidation state