- Commercialisation of Indian agriculture.
- Changed the nature and structure of agriculture
- A new class of landlords emerged that rented the land to farmers.
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the part of agriculture which destroyed the self sustained village unit.
Loss of patronage to handicraft industry added another pressure on Indian land.
Support from the ruling class in case of loss of crop was negligible which added misery to the sector.
Permanent revenue settlement discouraged investment in agriculture.
Cash crops got precedence over food crops which led to frequent famine and no support from ruling class made the situation more worse.