Polity Booster

Linkages of organized crime with terrorism As organized crime and terrorist groups have globalized and diversified their operations in the past decade, they have based their activities in countries offering conditions most favorable to survival and expansion. Mobility, an important new characteristic of most such groups, has given groups a wider selection of operational bases … Read more

State and non-State actors in creating challenges to internal security India was partitioned in the backdrop of large-scale communal riots, but the partition of the country on religious lines, without taking into consideration its multiple identities, instead of bringing the communal tensions down, in fact, worsened the situation. The two-nation theory created Pakistan, and it … Read more

Linkages between development and spread of extremism In the Indian scenario, extremism activities(e.g. Naxalism, Radicalisation) are increasing rapidly. The scale of the extremists’ operations is massive and consequently, these activities have a perilous impact on the nation’s social, economic, and political development. Improvement in standard of living is something that everyone craves and deserves it … Read more

 SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN IN UTTARAKHAND   In a federal setup like India, strategy for realizing development has to be formulated and implemented at State level within the contours of National framework. Uttarakhand accounts for 1.69 per cent of area of the country as a whole. A brief review of growth trajectory over the … Read more

 Difference between substantial and procedural laws Procedural laws Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through (whether it goes to trial or not). The procedural law determines how a proceeding concerning the enforcement of substantive law will occur. Substantive law defines how the facts in the case will be handled, … Read more

 Unicameral and Bicameral legislations– Functions and crisis of accountability, delegated legislation, Legislative procedure and committees of legislature Bicameral Legislatures A bicameral legislature is comprised of two chambers, often described as the lower house and the upper house. Usually, the composition of the lower chamber (with such names as the House of Representatives, House … Read more

 fundamentalism and terrorism Citizens worldwide are becoming all too familiar with the accelerated frequency of terrorist attacks in the 21st century, particularly with those involving a religious underpinning. Why, though, have religiously-affiliated acts of terrorism become such a common occurrence? By examining how religious fundamentalism has accelerated and intensified terrorism within the modern … Read more

 Measures Adopted for Educational Development of socio-economic disadvantaged groups: Our Constitution has directed the states to promote the educational interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly of SCs and STs in terms of establishment of and admission to educational institutions and grant from state funds for scholarships, etc. It has thus … Read more

 Bifurcation of powers between centre and state (state list, union list and concurrent list) The main characteristic of a federal constitution is the distribution of powers between the union and the states. The Indian constitution provides for a new kind of federalism to meet India’s peculiar needs. In the matter of distribution of … Read more

 Panchayat: Financing, Resource mobilization and devolution Sources of Funds The Amendments left important matters such as implementation, service delivery (including local capacity building) and transfer of responsibilities and powers to rural local bodies at the discretion of the state legislatures. Consequently, while expenditure responsibilities of local bodies are extensively enhanced, there is no … Read more