Management

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – ORGANIZING   Organizing is the process of identification and grouping of activities, assigning duties and delegating authority to the managers, allocating necessary resources and establishing coordination among individuals and department of an organization with a view to attain its objectives.   PROCESS OF ORGANIZING :   The process of organising consists … Read more

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT : COORDINATION AND CONTROL     COORDINATION   “The Harmonization of activities of different work groups and departments.”   Coordination is the orderly arrangement of individual and group efforts to provide unity of action in the pursuit of a common goal. All these departments must function in an integrated manner so that … Read more

COST OF CAPITAL   The primary meaning of cost of capital is simply the cost an entity must pay to raise funds. The term can refer, for instance, to the financing cost (interest rate) a company pays when securing a loan.   In other words, Cost of capital refers to the opportunity cost of making a specific investment. It is the rate … Read more

CAPITAL STRUCTURE The financial requirement of a firm can be met through ownership capital and/or borrowed capital. The ownership capital refers to the amount of capital contributed by the owners. In case of a company, it refers to the amount of funds raised by issuing shares. The main characteristic of the ownership capital is that … Read more

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT- DIRECTION (Communication,Supervision,Motivation,Leadership) Directing is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. It is the process of telling people what to do and seeing that they do it in the best possiblemanner.   Elements in Directing: The four essential elements in Directing are :   … Read more

Appraisal System Performance appraisal is a vital tool to measure the frameworks set by any organization to its employees. It is utilized to track individual contribution and performance against organizational goals and to identify individual strengths and opportunities for future improvements and assessed whether organizational goals are achievedor serves as basis for the company’s future … Read more

Functions of Management:- Planning Organizing Staffing Direction Coordination and control Decision making OUTPUT Attainment goals effectively & efficiently       INPUTS/RESOURCES Human Finance   CONTROLLING Measuring performance with standards & taking corrective actions PLANNING Setting of objects & selecting ways ORGANIZING Establishing relationships, Delagting authority & assign tasks DIRECTING Leading & motivating employees to … Read more

Decision-Making: concept, process and techniques Decision making is an essential part of planning. Decision making and problem solving are used in all management functions, although usually they are considered a part of the planning phase. A discussion of the origins of management science leads into one on modeling, the five-step process of management science, and … Read more

MARKETING MIX  Marketing involves a number of activities. To begin with, an organisation may decide on its target group of customers to be served. Once the target group is decided, the product is to be placed in the market by providing the appropriate product, price, distribution and promotional efforts. These are to be combined or … Read more