International

Earlier, European Union represented one economic market as an economic union with free  trade with each other. The Euro zone came into existence with the signing of Maastricht  treaty signed during 1992, of a monetary union, one central bank and single currency,  replacing country specific currencies in the European Union. As a result, the Euro … Read more

Between the late 1960s and the late 1970s, there was a thawing of the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. This détente took several forms, including increased discussion on arms control. Although the decade began with vast improvements in bilateral relations, by the end of the decade events had brought … Read more

Three main areas where the challenges to multilateralism can be identified include concepts, methods and institutions. First, concepts are becoming volatile eroded by problems of global dimension that have to be handled over national borders. Some examples include national sovereignty versus human rights concerns or international criminal justice decisions, environmental and health problems. We have … Read more

One of the most important challenges of border management is integration of local community in 4 border management. Preventing alienation of border population, winning their hearts and minds by formulating people inclusive border management policies is of paramount importance. There is need to recognise the local bordering community as a prime stakeholder in border management. … Read more

The extension of India’s strategic posture into the Indian Ocean littoral creates opportunities and challenges associated with its increasing contact and influence across a broader area. As described above, China appears to be pursuing a policy of encirclement of India, relying upon its military advantage along the Sino–Indian border and its ‘all-weather friendship’ with Pakistan. … Read more

The case of Charlie Hebdo Outright violence broke out in early 2015 when the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo published a series of cartoons depicting Prophet Mohammad in improper ways, considered blasphemous in Islam. Two brothers of Algerian descent broke into the premises of the newspaper and murdered 11 people in cold blood including the chief … Read more

ADR and GDR are route used by Indian corporate sector used for foreign direct investment.In the absence of  convertibility, Indian companies cannot access the global capital market by issuance of  shares just as they can be in the domestic market. To enable companies to access global  markets, companies can issue shares, but instead of selling … Read more

The New Deal itself created millions of jobs and sponsored public works projects that reached most every county in the nation. Federal protection of bank deposits ended the dangerous trend of bank runs. Abuse of the stock market was more clearly defined and monitored to prevent collapses in the future. The Social Security system was … Read more

The Bosnian War began in 1992 and lasted until 1995, though the cause of the Bosnian War has roots in World War II and its impact is still being felt in 2017. The war led to the deaths of around 100,000 people. It also spurred the genocide of at least 80 percent Bosnian Muslims, also … Read more