Migration in India 2020-21 report was recently released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
Report highlighted that, with the onset of covid-19 pandemic in March 2020, 0.7 per cent of India’s population was ‘temporary visitor’ in households during July 2020-June 2021.
More than 84 per cent of these ‘temporary visitors’ moved places for reasons associated with pandemic ranging from loss of job/closure of educational institutions, family/relatives/friends, migration of earning member, health related issues and closure of educational institutions.
Pandemic may have forced 51.6 per cent of men from urban India to migrate rural homes.
There is a huge gap between men and women in rural areas, who migrated from Urban India. This is because, in India male partner migrates for work to urban places mostly, while female stays back home.
Rural-rural male migration
The rural-to-rural male migration stands at 44.6 per cent. It shows that, many people staying away from their native places at rural locations returned home during covid-19 pandemic. Rural-to-rural female migration stands at 88.8 percent due to migration of women to their husbands’ homes post marriage. Male migration from other countries to rural areas was 3.9% as opposed to 2.3 percent in urban areas.
Migration rate
Rural migration rate stands at 6.5 per cent, while urban migration rate stands at 34.9 per cent. Overall migration rate is 28.9 per cent. As per report, number of rural migrants is 21 crores while number of urban migrants is 11 crores.
Background
It covered 1.1 lakh migrants overall, out of which 59,000 were in rural areas and 55,000 in urban areas. Entire India was covered, except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Who are the Migrants?
Migrants are those people, whose last usual place of residence is different from present place of enumeration. Usual place of residence is village or town where they stayed continuously for six months or more. For survey, temporary visitors in households were defined as people who arrived after March 2020 and stayed in households for 15 days or more.
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